Background: Preterm-born or asphyxiated term-born children show more emotional and behavioral problems at\npreschool age than term-born children without a medical condition. It is uncertain whether parenting intervention\nprograms aimed at the general population, are effective in this specific group. In earlier findings from the present\ntrial, Primary Care Triple P was not effective in reducing parent-reported child behavioral problems. However, parenting\nprograms claim to positively change child behavior through enhancement of the parentââ?¬â??child interaction. Therefore,\nwe investigated whether Primary Care Triple P is effective in improving the quality of parentââ?¬â??child interaction and\nincreasing the application of trained parenting skills in parents of preterm-born or asphyxiated term-born preschoolers\nwith behavioral problems.\nMethods: For this pragmatic, open randomized clinical trial, participants were recruited from a cohort of infants\nadmitted to the neonatal intensive care units of two Dutch hospitals. Children aged 2ââ?¬â??5 years, with a gestational age\n<32 weeks and/or birth weight <1500 g and children with a gestational age 37ââ?¬â??42 weeks and perinatal asphyxia were\nincluded. After screening for a t-score ?60 on the Child Behavior Checklist, children were randomly assigned to Primary\nCare Triple P (n = 34) or a wait-list control group (n = 33). Trial outcomes were the quality of parentââ?¬â??child interaction\nand the application of trained parenting skills, both scored from structured observation tasks.\nResults: There was no effect of the intervention on either of the observational outcome measures at the 6-month trial\nendpoint.\nConclusions: Primary Care Triple P, is not effective in improving the quality of parentââ?¬â??child interaction nor does it\nincrease the application of trained parenting skills in parents of preterm-born or asphyxiated term-born children with\nbehavioral problems. Further research should focus on personalized care for these parents, with an emphasis on\npsychological support to reduce stress and promote self-regulation.
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